Main News

Arctic food and energy security at the crossroads

February 19, 2025
  • Publication: a position document drafted by a multidisciplinary international team highlighting the critical elements that must be acknowledged and considered to ensure a coherent, and effective development program for food security and sovereignty in the North.
  • “Arctic food systems blend Traditional Ecological Knowledge with modern, often energy-intensive influences, triggered by colonization. Food systems’ future depends on alignment of tradition with innovation, facilitation of resilience and a heritage-driven interaction with the global economy – at a pace determined by local communities.”
  • Unc, A., Abou Najm, M.R., Aspholm, P.E. et al. Arctic food and energy security at the crossroads. Commun Earth Environ 6, 121 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02122-6https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02122-6

read more

Soil carbon in the boreal region under climate and land use change

September 9, 2024

https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13108

Combined, cold, high acidity, low availability of nitrogen and phosphorus, high water-table, and fungal-dominated populations shape the boreal forest system into one capable of storing vast amounts of carbon in relatively stable fashion, despite frequent disturbance. Naturally, most carbon is stored in surface organic horizons and aboveground biomass. Climate change could alter some of these limitations, particularly temperature, hastening carbon cycling or otherwise destabilizing boreal forest systems beyond their capability to adapt and react (e.g. increased fire frequency). Additionally, climate-facilitated shifts in soil biota (e.g. earthworms) may introduce yet-to-be quantified changes in soil carbon cycling and soil horizonation. However, there might be room for cautious optimism. Given that boreal landscapes are shaped by disturbances (e.g. large annual swings between hot and cold, fire, hydrology, cryoturbation, etc.), it is possible that they may prove more resilient in the face of global climate change than previously thought, especially when various feedback loops are considered.

Jeremiah D. Vallotton, Adrian Unc

read more

Socioecological dynamics of diverse global permafrost-agroecosystems underenvironmental change

June 18, 2024

Permafrost-agroecosystems include all cultivation and pastoral activities in areas underlain by permafrost. These systems support local livelihoods and food production and are rarely considered in global agricultural studies but may become more relevant as climate change is increasing opportunities for food production in high latitude and mountainous areas. The exact locations and amount of agricultural production in areas containing permafrost are currently unknown, therefore we provide an overview of countries where both permafrost and agricultural activities are present. We highlight the socioecological diversity and complexities of permafrost- agroecosystems through seven case studies: (1) crop cultivation in Alaska, USA; (2) Indigenous food systems and crop cultivation in the Northwest Territories, Canada; (3) horse and cattle husbandry and Indigenous hay production in the Sakha Republic, Russia; (4) mobile pastoralism and husbandry in Mongolia; (5) yak pastoralism in the Central Himalaya, Nepal; (6) berry picking and reindeer herding in northern Fennoscandia; and (7) reindeer herding in northwest Russia. We discuss regional knowledge gaps associated with permafrost and make recommendations to policy makers and land users for adapting to changing permafrost environments. A better understanding of permafrost-agroecosystems is needed to help sustainably manage and develop these systems considering rapidly changing climate, environments, economies, and industries.

Melissa Ward Jones, Joachim Otto Habeck, Mathias Ulrich, Susan Crate, Glenna Gannon, Tobias Schwoerer, Benjamin Jones, Mikhail Kanevskiy, Prashant Baral, Amina Maharjan, Jakob Steiner, Andrew Spring, Mindy Jewell Price, David Bysouth, Bruce C. Forbes, Mariana Verdonen, Timo Kumpula, Jens Strauss, Torben Windirsch, Christopher Poeplau, Yuri Shura, Benjamin Gaglioti, Nicholas Parlato, Fulu Taor, Merritt Turetskys, Stephanie Grand, Adrian Unc, and Nils Borchard

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/15230430.2024.2356067?needAccess=true

read more

BioSoil North results presented at the 9th International Symposium on Soil Organic Matter

May 29, 2024

Results from our Labrador site, from the Global Boreal and Alpine Soils project, and from the Canadian Soil Biodiversity Observatory are presented at the 9th International Symposium on soil Organic Matter in Ben Guerir, Morocco.

“Impact of conversion and post-conversion management on soil organic carbon in farmed boreal Podzols” [oral presentation]

“Investigating the interactions between soil carbon stocks, soil microbial communities and land-uses” [oral presentation]

“Impact of land-use on total and proportional respiration rates in Maritime boreal ecoregions” [poster presentation]

“Soil organic carbon amount rather than land-use controls respiration in boreal and temperate-boreal ecotone sites” [oral presentation]

read more